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Rabbit hemorrhagic disease
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is an extremely contagious and often fatal viral infection affecting domestic and wild rabbits. It progresses very rapidly and can lead to death within hours to a few days. It is feared by breeders because it can...
What is it?
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is an extremely contagious and often fatal viral infection affecting domestic and wild rabbits. It progresses very rapidly and can lead to death within hours to a few days. It is feared by breeders because it can wipe out an entire herd in a short time.
This disease is caused by a highly resistant calicivirus that can survive for a long time on surfaces, food, and contaminated objects. Different strains of the virus exist and may vary in severity.
Farms where several rabbits live together with insufficient hygiene present a higher risk of rapid spread. Introducing new rabbits without precautions, as well as contact with wild rabbits, also increases the risk of contamination.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
The disease often kills rabbits without any visible signs, making surveillance difficult. When symptoms do appear, they may include fever, sudden lethargy, loss of appetite, breathing difficulties, and sometimes bleeding from the nose. Death usually occurs suddenly and unexpectedly.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Transmission
The virus is mainly transmitted through direct contact between infected and healthy rabbits, or indirectly through contaminated objects, food, hands, or clothing. Insects such as flies can also play a role in spreading the virus between farms.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
If you notice unusual signs or sudden death in your rabbits, contact a veterinarian immediately for a professional evaluation. Only a veterinarian can confirm the cause and advise on appropriate measures to protect the rest of the herd.
Prevention
Regular vaccination is the most effective prevention method recommended by veterinarians. It is also important to maintain good hygiene of cages and equipment, limit contact with outside or wild rabbits, and regularly disinfect breeding areas.
References
WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 08 August 2026
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This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for a veterinary consultation. If you have any concerns about your animal's health, consult a veterinarian.
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