Coccidiosis

What is it?

Coccidiosis is an intestinal parasitic disease common in rabbits, chickens, sheep and goats, caused by small microscopic parasites called coccidia. It mainly affects young animals and can cause significant diarrhea affecting growth. This disease is well known in Tunisia in poultry farms and small ruminant breeding farms.

Commonly observed signs

These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.

Causes and risk factors

The disease is caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria, single-celled parasites that invade the intestinal wall. Each animal species is usually infected with specific species of coccidia. These parasites multiply rapidly in the intestine, damaging digestive tissues.

Young age, overcrowding, insufficient hygiene and stress related to weaning or transport increase the risk of developing the disease. Damp litter, hot and humid weather conditions, as well as a weakened immune system also favor its appearance. Sudden changes in diet can also play a role.

Transmission

Transmission occurs orally, when the animal ingests oocysts present in an environment soiled by contaminated feces. Wet litter, dirty feeders and drinkers encourage the spread between animals. Young people in communities, as well as in intensive breeding farms, are particularly exposed.

Diagnosis and care

Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.

Prevention

References

MSD Veterinary Manual

Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 18 August 2026