Poultry Enterotoxemia
Poultry enterotoxemia is a serious digestive disease of geese caused by abnormal overgrowth of certain bacteria (notably Clostridium perfringens) in the intestine. These bacteria release toxins that damage the intestinal wall and can enter...
What is it?
Poultry enterotoxemia is a serious digestive disease of geese caused by abnormal overgrowth of certain bacteria (notably Clostridium perfringens) in the intestine. These bacteria release toxins that damage the intestinal wall and can enter the bloodstream. The disease often progresses very rapidly, sometimes within hours, and mainly affects goslings or geese raised in dense groups.
Key point
A disease that can cause rapid and significant mortality in a flock, especially in goslings; heightened vigilance and prompt veterinary consultation are recommended.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Related signs — each one links to its page:
Signs often appear suddenly. Diarrhea, sometimes liquid, a swollen belly, marked depression and loss of appetite are observed. Some birds remain lying down, unable to stand, and may die rapidly without clear warning signs. Dehydration sets in quickly. In very acute cases, no symptoms are seen before the bird dies.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Causes and risk factors
The disease is caused by excessive multiplication of bacteria of the Clostridium genus, normally present in small quantities in the intestine. An imbalance of digestive flora, often linked to diet, a sudden change of feed or stress, promotes this overgrowth. The toxins produced damage the intestinal lining and disrupt nutrient absorption.
Young goslings are more susceptible than adults. High stocking density, poor hygiene of housing and feeders, diet high in protein or poorly balanced, sudden feed changes, and any stress (transport, heat, contact with sick birds) increase risk. Concurrent parasite infestation can also weaken the intestine.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
The veterinarian relies on clinical signs, flock history (diet, sudden mortality), and sometimes necropsy findings showing characteristic intestinal lesions. Laboratory tests can confirm the presence of the bacterium or its toxins in intestinal contents.
Treatment
Treatment is based on antibiotics targeting the responsible bacteria, prescribed by the veterinarian, combined with rehydration and nutritional support. Probiotics or measures to restore intestinal flora balance may be offered as adjuncts.
Treatment depends on the cause and the animal's condition: it must be determined by a veterinarian. No self-medication.
Prevention
Stable diet appropriate to the age of geese, introduced gradually during changes, limits digestive imbalances. Regular cleaning of feeders, drinkers and bedding reduces bacterial load in the environment. Avoiding overcrowding and limiting sources of stress help preserve intestinal balance. Good general health status, with monitoring for internal parasites, also contributes to prevention.
Possible complications
Without prompt treatment, dehydration and passage of toxins into the bloodstream can lead to death. Significant losses in a flock are possible if diagnosis is delayed.
When to see a veterinarian
Sudden diarrhea associated with lethargy in one or more geese.
Rapid and unexplained mortality in a gosling flock.
Swollen or tender abdomen on palpation.
Bird lying down and unable to stand.
Prognosis
Prognosis is guarded to poor in acute forms, especially in young goslings, because of rapid progression. Early management significantly improves survival chances and limits losses in a flock.
Frequently asked questions
Is avian enterotoxemia contagious between geese?
The bacterium responsible is already naturally present in the intestines of geese. The disease appears mainly due to digestive imbalance rather than direct contagion, but a contaminated environment can promote its spread within a flock.
Can geese be vaccinated against this disease?
There is no commonly used vaccine for this disease in geese. Prevention relies mainly on diet, hygiene, and stress management.
Can a recovered gosling get sick again?
Yes, if risk factors such as poor diet or inadequate hygiene persist, new episodes can occur.
Should sick birds be isolated from the rest of the flock?
It is prudent to isolate affected animals and consult a veterinarian quickly, especially to assess the risk to the rest of the herd and adapt hygiene measures accordingly.
References
FAO — Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 27 August 2026
Comments (0)
No comments yet.
AT A GLANCE
Need a veterinarian?
Find a practitioner near you on TunisieVet, with their specialities, hours and contact details.
Find a veterinarianCategories
Affected species
This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for a veterinary consultation. If you have any concerns about your animal's health, consult a veterinarian.
Thinking of welcoming a pet? Dogs and cats are waiting for a family in Tunisia, and adoption is completely free.
Adoption listingsTo discover
Related diseases and linked Animalia content.
TunisieVet in your pocket 📱🐾 Access your veterinary services wherever you are. [ Download the app ]
Learn more