Tetanus
Tetanus is a serious disease caused by a bacterial toxin that affects the nervous system of animals. It particularly affects horses, which are very sensitive to this toxin, but also sheep and goats. This disease causes generalized muscle ri...
What is it?
Tetanus is a serious disease caused by a bacterial toxin that affects the nervous system of animals. It particularly affects horses, which are very sensitive to this toxin, but also sheep and goats. This disease causes generalized muscle rigidity and can be life-threatening.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Related signs — each one links to its page:
Signs include generalized muscle stiffness, difficulty walking, a frozen stance with tail raised and ears erect. There is often a spasm of the jaws preventing the animal from eating, an exaggerated sensitivity to noise and light, as well as convulsions in advanced cases.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Causes and risk factors
Tetanus is caused by a toxin produced by bacteria found naturally in soil and feces. This bacteria usually enters the body through a deep or dirty wound, where it multiplies in the absence of oxygen and releases its toxin.
Deep, dirty wounds, especially those caused by nails or metal objects, greatly increase the risk. Interventions such as castration, horn weaning or tail docking carried out in poor hygienic conditions also promote infection, as do injuries to the umbilical cord in young animals.
Transmission
The disease is not contagious from one animal to another. It occurs when bacterial spores present in the environment contaminate a wound, particularly during deep wounds, castrations, difficult births or poor care of damaged tissues.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
Tetanus is an absolute veterinary emergency that requires rapid intervention from a professional. If you notice signs of muscle stiffness or difficulty moving in your pet, contact a veterinarian immediately. Only a veterinarian can assess the situation and offer appropriate treatment.
Prevention
Regular vaccination remains the most effective means of prevention, especially for horses. It is important to quickly disinfect any wound and ensure hygiene during procedures such as castration, weaning of horns or newborn care. Veterinary monitoring is recommended to establish a suitable vaccination schedule.
References
OMS — Organisation mondiale de la santé
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 18 August 2026
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