Strangles
Strangles is a contagious infectious disease that mainly affects young horses. It affects the upper respiratory tract and lymph nodes in the head and neck. Although rarely fatal, it is highly contagious and can spread quickly within a stabl...
What is it?
Strangles is a contagious infectious disease that mainly affects young horses. It affects the upper respiratory tract and lymph nodes in the head and neck. Although rarely fatal, it is highly contagious and can spread quickly within a stable.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Related signs — each one links to its page:
Typical signs include fever, thick nasal discharge, cough, and painful swelling of the lymph nodes under the jaw that can form abscesses. The horse may have difficulty swallowing and breathing, hence the name of the disease. Loss of appetite and general depression are also common.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Causes and risk factors
Strangles is caused by a bacteria called Streptococcus equi subsp. horse. This bacteria specifically infects horses and is localized in the upper respiratory tract and associated lymph nodes.
Young horses, stressed animals or newly introduced to a group are more vulnerable. The gathering of numerous horses such as in competitions, boarding schools or training centers promotes the spread. A weakened immune system and poor facility hygiene also increase the risk.
Transmission
The disease is transmitted by direct contact between horses, particularly through nasal secretions and pus from abscesses. It can also be spread indirectly via contaminated equipment such as feeders, buckets, harnesses or the hands of staff. Some cured horses remain carriers and can contaminate other animals without showing signs.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
If Strangles is suspected, it is important to consult a veterinarian quickly and isolate the affected horse to avoid contagion. Only a professional can confirm the diagnosis and offer appropriate treatment. Never attempt to treat the horse yourself.
Prevention
The isolation of new horses before their integration into the group and good hygiene of equipment are essential. Vaccination may be suggested by the veterinarian depending on the context and level of risk. Regularly monitoring the health of horses allows early detection and limits the spread.
References
WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 18 August 2026
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