Mandrill dental malocclusion
Dental malocclusion is a misalignment between the upper and lower teeth, or between the jaws themselves. In the mandrill, a species of primate recognizable by its colorful snout and its large canines, this anomaly mainly affects the cheek t...
What is it?
Dental malocclusion is a misalignment between the upper and lower teeth, or between the jaws themselves. In the mandrill, a species of primate recognizable by its colorful snout and its large canines, this anomaly mainly affects the cheek teeth (molars and premolars) or the very developed canines in the male. It can be present from birth or appear with growth. In zoos, it remains a concern because it can interfere with the animal's feeding and comfort in the long term.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Related signs — each one links to its page:
The animal may chew on one side, drop food or take longer to eat.\nWe sometimes observe abundant salivation, unpleasant breath or teeth that appear poorly positioned to the naked eye.\nIn more advanced cases, injuries to the cheek or gum appear due to abnormal friction between the teeth.\nProgressive weight loss may occur if the pain permanently limits food intake.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Causes and risk factors
Malocclusion can be of genetic origin, transmitted within a lineage, or result from a lack of growth of the jaws during young age.\nIt can also appear after facial trauma, a poorly healed fracture, a previous tooth extraction, or severe periodontal disease which displaces the teeth.\nCertain cases develop when a milk tooth does not fall out at the right time and interferes with the placement of the permanent tooth.
A family history of dental or facial malformation increases the risk.\nA young animal that has suffered trauma to the face or jaw is more exposed.\nAn unsuitable diet in captivity, poor in elements promoting good natural dental wear, can also play a role.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
The veterinarian examines the animal's mouth, most often under anesthesia or sedation given the character of the mandrill and the power of its jaws.\nDental x-rays make it possible to evaluate the roots, the underlying bone and the extent of the misalignment.\nThis complete examination helps distinguish a simple malocclusion from a complication such as a dental abscess or bone damage.
Treatment
Management depends on the severity: simple monitoring for mild forms without functional discomfort, or specialized dental intervention for more severe cases.\nOptions may include selective filing of the excess tooth, dental extraction if a tooth is causing repeated injury, or periodontal care.\nAnalgesics and sometimes antibiotics are used for support if an infection or pain is present.
Treatment depends on the cause and the animal's condition: it must be determined by a veterinarian. No self-medication.
Prevention
Regular veterinary monitoring makes it possible to identify an alignment anomaly in young mandrills early.\nProviding a varied diet that promotes natural chewing and even wear of the teeth helps to limit certain imbalances.\nAvoiding situations at risk of facial trauma in the enclosure also helps in prevention.
Possible complications
Untreated malocclusion can lead to chronic sores of the cheek or tongue, dental infections, or even tooth loss.\nChronic pain can reduce the appetite and affect the animal's general condition over time.
When to see a veterinarian
The animal chews with difficulty or avoids certain foods.\nExcessive salivation or unusual bad breath appears.\nSigns of oral pain or refusal to eat are observed.\nA tooth seems loose, broken or poorly positioned.\nProgressive weight loss is observed without any other explanation.
Prognosis
The prognosis is generally favorable when the anomaly is treated early and adapted to the needs of the animal.\nMild forms without functional discomfort often only require regular monitoring.\nMore severe cases may require lifelong dental follow-up but remain compatible with a good quality of life.
Frequently asked questions
Is Mandrill Dental Malocclusion Hereditary?
It can have a genetic component in some cases, but it can also result from trauma or a growth disorder without a hereditary link.
Should we always operate on a mandrill with malocclusion?
No, intervention is only necessary if the malocclusion is causing discomfort, pain or injury. Mild forms can simply be monitored.
Is this disease transmissible to humans?
No, it is a mechanical anomaly specific to the animal, without infectious or transmissible nature.
How does a veterinarian diagnose this disease in a mandrill?
An oral examination, most often under anesthesia due to the temperament of the species, supplemented by dental x-rays, allows the anomaly to be precisely assessed.
References
WSAVA — World Small Animal Veterinary Association
AVMA — American Veterinary Medical Association
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 22 September 2026
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