Mandrill

Presentation

The Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) is a large monkey native to the forests of central Africa. It is distinguished by its colorful face, red and blue, particularly marked in dominant males. A social species, it lives in groups that can bring together several dozen or even hundreds of individuals. It is the largest ape in the world after the great apes proper (gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee, bonobo). It spends most of its time on the ground, although it can climb trees for food or shelter. The species is today threatened by deforestation and hunting.

The Mandrill has an olive-brown coat and an elongated snout streaked with bright red and blue colors, more pronounced in males. It exhibits strong sexual dimorphism: males are significantly larger and more colorful than females. Its powerful limbs and jaw with long canines make it a physically impressive animal.

Characteristics

Indicative values: they vary by subspecies, sex and region.

Habitat and distribution

The Mandrill lives mainly in the dense, humid tropical forests of central Africa. It also frequents forest edges and certain areas of wooded savannah near forest massifs.

Behaviour

Mandrill live in matriarchal groups called "hordes", which can temporarily gather in supergroups of several hundred individuals. The social hierarchy is marked, particularly among males whose rank is reflected by the intensity of facial colors. Communication occurs through vocalizations, facial expressions and body postures.

Reproduction

Reproduction is not strictly seasonal, although peaks in births are observed in the dry season. Gestation lasts about six months and usually results in the birth of a single young. The youngster remains dependent on his mother for several months before gaining independence.

Peculiarities

The Mandrill is renowned for its bright facial and buttock colors, unique among primates. The intensity of these colors reflects the social and hormonal status of the male. It holds the title of largest non-anthropoid ape in the world.

Threats and conservation

Deforestation linked to logging and agriculture is reducing its natural habitat. Hunting for bushmeat poses a significant threat in many parts of its range. The illegal exotic pet trade also affects the species.

References

Profile updated 26 August 2026 · Reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team.