Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Spectacled Bears (Roundworms)
Gastrointestinal parasitism caused by roundworms (nematodes) is a very common condition in spectacled bears, both in the wild and in captivity in zoos. These worms live in the animal's intestines and feed at its expense, causing progressive...
What is it?
Gastrointestinal parasitism caused by roundworms (nematodes) is a very common condition in spectacled bears, both in the wild and in captivity in zoos. These worms live in the animal's intestines and feed at its expense, causing progressive decline in overall condition. The disease is rarely fatal in healthy adults, but can become serious in young animals, weakened individuals, or with heavy infestations.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Related signs — each one links to its page:
Signs are often subtle at first. Diarrhea or soft stools may be observed, sometimes with visible worms present. The animal gradually loses weight despite sometimes maintaining appetite, and its coat becomes dull and less silky. Abdominal bloating is possible in young, heavily infested bears. General fatigue, lethargy, and dehydration may develop in advanced cases. Growth retardation is possible in bear cubs.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Causes and risk factors
The disease is caused by intestinal nematodes (roundworms), notably ascarids and hookworms, which colonize the digestive tract. Infestation most often occurs through ingestion of eggs present in contaminated environment (soil, water, food) or sometimes through larval penetration of the skin in certain worm species.
Young bears, captive animals living in enclosures with repeatedly contaminated soil, high animal density, poor enclosure hygiene, or weakened immunity from stress, concurrent illness, or inappropriate diet favor infestation and increase its severity.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
Diagnosis is based on a thorough clinical examination and especially on faecal analysis (faecal flotation) to detect and identify parasite eggs. The veterinarian may also consider the animal's overall condition, deworming history, and sometimes additional blood tests to assess the consequences of the infestation.
Treatment
Treatment involves administering antiparasitic drugs from the broad-spectrum anthelmintic family, prescribed and tailored by the veterinarian according to the identified parasite species. Nutritional support and rehydration may be provided additionally if the animal is weakened.
Treatment depends on the cause and the animal's condition: it must be determined by a veterinarian. No self-medication.
Prevention
Regular maintenance of enclosures with removal of faeces, periodic disinfection of the ground, proper management of water and food, and regular preventative deworming programs under veterinary supervision greatly reduce the risk of infestation, particularly in captivity.
Possible complications
Without treatment, severe infestation can lead to marked weight loss, anaemia, severe dehydration, and in young or fragile animals, a risk of intestinal obstruction from a mass of worms.
When to see a veterinarian
Visible worms in the faeces.
Diarrhoea that persists or worsens.
Progressive weight loss despite maintained appetite.
Lethargy, dull coat or abdominal bloating, particularly in a young bear.
Prognosis
Prognosis is generally good when infestation is detected and treated promptly, particularly in adults. It becomes more guarded in cubs or animals already weakened by severe infestation or an associated disease.
Frequently asked questions
Is parasitism by roundworms common in spectacled bears?
Yes, it is one of the most common parasitic infections in this species, both in the wild and in captivity.
Can a healthy spectacled bear carry parasitic worms without being sick?
Yes, a light parasitic load can be well tolerated without visible signs, especially in a healthy adult in good physical condition.
How to prevent this disease in a zoo?
Rigorous maintenance of enclosures and a regular deworming program supervised by a veterinarian are the best preventive measures.
Can this disease be transmitted to humans?
The roundworms involved are specific to bears and present no proven risk of transmission to humans under normal conditions.
References
WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)
ESCCAP — European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 26 August 2026
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