Gastrointestinal parasitism of sloth bears (roundworms)

What is it?

Gastrointestinal parasitism caused by roundworms is a very common condition in sloth bears, both in captivity and in the wild.\nWorms called nematodes settle in the animal's intestine and feed at its expense.\nThis disease mainly affects young bears and weakened animals, but it can affect all ages.\nIt most often remains benign if it is detected early, but can become serious in the event of a heavy infestation.

Commonly observed signs

These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.

Causes and risk factors

The disease is caused by gastrointestinal nematodes, roundworms that live in the stomach or intestine of the bear.\nSeveral species of these parasites may be involved, some being shared with other carnivores or ursids.\nThe eggs of these worms are emitted in the stools of the infested animal and contaminate the environment.\nThe bear becomes contaminated by ingesting these eggs or larvae present in the ground, water, food or by licking its soiled coat.

Young bears, whose immune systems are still immature, are more vulnerable.\nPromiscuity in enclosures or care centers favors transmission between individuals.\nA poorly cleaned, humid or poorly maintained environment increases the risk of contamination.\nAn animal already weakened by another disease, significant stress or an unsuitable diet is more susceptible to a severe infestation.

Transmission

Transmission occurs by indirect fecal-oral route: the bear ingests eggs or larvae present in an environment soiled by the feces of an infested animal.

Diagnosis and care

Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.

Treatment

Treatment is based on the administration of antiparasitics belonging to the family of broad-spectrum dewormers, prescribed and adapted by the veterinarian.\nNutritional support can be offered in the event of significant weight loss.\nTreatment of the bear's environment is an integral part of treatment to avoid rapid reinfestation.

Prevention

Possible complications

A massive, untreated infestation can lead to anemia, dehydration and significant general weakening.\nIn young animals, lasting growth retardation is possible.\nIn rare cases of very high parasite load, intestinal obstruction may occur.

When to see a veterinarian

Prognosis

The prognosis is generally good when the infestation is detected early and treated correctly.\nSevere cases, particularly in young people or already weakened animals, require more prolonged care but most often evolve favorably with appropriate treatment.

Frequently asked questions

References

WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)

CDC — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 21 September 2026