Reindeer Footrot
Reindeer Footrot is a painful bacterial infection that affects the skin between the hooves and around the hoof. It causes local inflammation which can lead to marked lameness. This condition is well known in herded reindeer living in humid...
What is it?
Reindeer Footrot is a painful bacterial infection that affects the skin between the hooves and around the hoof. It causes local inflammation which can lead to marked lameness. This condition is well known in herded reindeer living in humid areas or on soiled soil, particularly in northern regions where the species is traditionally raised. Without intervention, it can develop into deep and disabling lesions.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Related signs — each one links to its page:
The first visible sign is often lameness on one or more feet. The animal avoids putting the affected foot down completely and may seem stiff when walking.\n\nThe area between the hooves becomes red, swollen, and warm to the touch. An unpleasant odor may emerge from the lesion in the event of secondary infection.\n\nIn advanced cases, the animal shows significant pain, refuses to move, loses its appetite and may have a fever. A general depression sets in if the infection persists or becomes widespread.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Causes and risk factors
Footrot is caused by opportunistic bacteria, notably species of the genus Fusobacterium and Bacteroides, which penetrate the interdigital skin (between the hooves) when it is weakened or damaged. These bacteria take advantage of a humid environment soiled by mud, manure or melting snow to settle in and multiply.
Wet, muddy or frozen and then thawed soils promote microtrauma to the skin of the feet. A high density of animals on the same pasture increases the risk of cross-contamination. Seasonal transition periods, with alternating freezing and thawing, are particularly conducive to the appearance of the disease. A weakened body condition or nutritional deficiency can also make the skin more vulnerable.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
The veterinarian examines the affected foot, assesses the depth and extent of the lesion, and may clean the area to better visualize the damage. In some cases, a local sample helps identify the bacteria involved and direct treatment. The general examination of the animal makes it possible to check the absence of complications such as fever or joint damage.
Treatment
Management is based on cleaning and local disinfection of the lesion, associated if necessary with local or general antibiotic treatment prescribed by the veterinarian. An anti-inflammatory may be used to relieve pain. Isolation of the affected animal in a dry environment promotes healing.
Treatment depends on the cause and the animal's condition: it must be determined by a veterinarian. No self-medication.
Prevention
Regular monitoring of the herd's feet makes it possible to detect the first signs before worsening. Avoiding keeping reindeer on constantly wet or muddy ground limits the risks. Proper management of herd density and pasture rotation reduce exposure to causative bacteria. A balanced diet helps maintain healthy skin and hooves.
Possible complications
If left untreated, the infection can spread to deeper tissues, tendons or the joint, causing permanent lameness. Sepsis (generalized infection) remains possible in severe and neglected cases, putting the animal's vital prognosis at risk.
When to see a veterinarian
The animal limps or avoids putting weight on one foot.\nAn area between the hooves is swollen, red or hot.\nAn unusual odor emanates from the foot.\nThe animal refuses to move or remains lying down unusually.\nFever or general depression accompanies the lameness.
Prognosis
The prognosis is favorable when the disease is treated early, with complete recovery in the majority of cases. On the other hand, a delay in treatment can cause lasting locomotor after-effects and compromise the use or well-being of the animal.
Frequently asked questions
Is reindeer footrot contagious between animals?
The bacteria responsible is transmitted mainly through the contaminated environment rather than by direct contact. Wet or muddy pasture favors its spread within the herd.
Can we treat footrot without a veterinarian?
No, it is recommended to call a veterinarian at the first signs. Inadequate or too late treatment exposes you to serious complications such as joint damage.
Does foot rot grow back seasonally?
Yes, periods of freezing and thawing, as well as soggy soils in spring or fall, are times of increased risk for this condition.
References
WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 15 September 2026
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