It takes about 24 to 26 hours for a hen to form a complete egg, from releasing the yolk to laying eggs. This cycle, slightly longer than 24 hours, explains why the laying time shifts each day, a little later, until it ends up skipping a day.
A precise path through the reproductive system
The process begins in the ovary, where a yolk (yolk) is released: this is ovulation. This yolk is then captured by the infundibulum, the first portion of the oviduct, where it stays for barely fifteen minutes. It then passes into the magnum, the longest segment of the oviduct, where the white (albumen) wraps around it for about three hours.
The egg continues its progression into the isthmus, where the internal and external shell membranes are formed, in about an hour. Then comes the longest phase: the uterus (or shell gland), where the egg stays for almost 20 hours. This is where the calcareous shell is deposited, layer by layer, and where any coloring (in breeds with brown eggs) is applied at the very end. Just before spawning, a thin protective cuticle covers the shell to limit gas exchange and the entry of bacteria.
Why the laying time varies
As the complete cycle slightly exceeds 24 hours, the next ovulation cannot always be triggered immediately after the previous laying: it is regulated by a hormonal rhythm linked to light, which imposes a favorable time window at the start of the day. As a result, a hen lays on average a little later each day until the shift becomes too great to stay within this light window, which then causes a day without laying. This phenomenon is well documented by zootechnical studies on the physiology of egg laying in domestic hens.
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