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Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by a tiny microscopic parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. Cats are the primary host that carries the parasite and sheds it in their feces, but many animals such as sheep and goats can also become i...
What is it?
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by a tiny microscopic parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. Cats are the primary host that carries the parasite and sheds it in their feces, but many animals such as sheep and goats can also become infected. This disease is particularly concerning because it can be transmitted to humans, especially pregnant women.
The disease is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which multiplies in the cat's intestine and forms structures called oocysts. These oocysts are shed in cat feces and become infectious after some time in the environment. Other animals become infected by ingesting these oocysts or by eating infected meat containing parasite cysts.
Cats that hunt rodents or birds and those that live outdoors are at higher risk of infection. Sheep and goat farms where stray cats have access to feed or water storage areas present an increased risk of contamination. Pregnant animals and young non-immune animals are particularly vulnerable to severe forms of the disease.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
In most adult animals, the infection often goes unnoticed with no visible signs. In pregnant sheep and goats, it can cause abortions, stillbirths, or the birth of weak offspring. In cats, one may sometimes observe fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, or respiratory problems, especially in young or weakened animals.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Transmission
Transmission mainly occurs through ingestion of oocysts present in cat feces contaminating water, soil, or food. It can also occur by consuming raw or undercooked meat from an infected animal. Transmission from mother to fetus is also possible during pregnancy, which explains the abortions seen in sheep and goats.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
If you suspect toxoplasmosis in your animal, especially in case of abortion in a pregnant ewe or goat, it is important to consult a veterinarian promptly. Only a professional can assess the situation, perform the necessary examinations, and give advice suited to your farm or household. Never attempt to self-diagnose or treat your animal without veterinary advice.
Prevention
It is advisable to protect livestock feed and water supplies from access by stray cats. Good hygiene when cleaning litter boxes and proper management of cat feces reduce the risk of contamination. Avoiding raw meat for cats and thoroughly cooking food for consumption also helps limit the spread of the parasite.
References
OMS — Organisation mondiale de la santé
ESCCAP — European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 08 August 2026
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