Periodontal disease

What is it?

Periodontal disease is a very common condition in dogs and cats, affecting the tissues that support the teeth such as gums and bone. It begins with inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) which, if not treated, can progress to progressive destruction of the tooth's supporting structures. It is one of the main causes of tooth loss in older pets.

Commonly observed signs

These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.

Causes and risk factors

The main cause is the accumulation of dental plaque, a bacterial film that forms on the teeth and mineralizes into tartar. This accumulation leads to an inflammatory reaction in the gums and then progressive damage to the tissues supporting the tooth. Lack of oral hygiene strongly favors this process.

Older age, lack of regular dental care and certain small breeds are known risk factors. A solely soft diet, poor alignment of the teeth, or general illnesses that weaken immunity can also promote its appearance.

Transmission

Periodontal disease is not contagious and cannot be passed from one animal to another. It results from a local process linked to the accumulation of plaque and tartar on the teeth of each individual. It is also not transmissible to humans.

Diagnosis and care

Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.

Prevention

References

MSD Veterinary Manual

Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 18 August 2026