Sheep pox

What is it?

Sheeppox is a highly contagious viral disease that affects sheep and sometimes goats. It causes characteristic skin lesions all over the animal's body. It is a serious disease, requiring mandatory notification in Tunisia, because it can cause heavy economic losses on livestock farms.

Commonly observed signs

These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.

Causes and risk factors

The disease is caused by a virus of the genus Capripoxvirus, belonging to the Poxviridae family. This virus is very resistant in the environment, which facilitates its persistence in affected farms.

The gathering of animals in markets or during transhumance increases the risk of contamination. The introduction of uncontrolled animals into a herd, as well as the lack of hygiene and vaccination, also favor the appearance of the disease.

Transmission

The virus is transmitted mainly by direct contact between sick and healthy animals, or by inhalation of viral particles in the air. It can also be spread by contaminated equipment, clothing or vehicles, as well as by certain biting insects.

Diagnosis and care

Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.

Prevention

References

WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)

Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 18 August 2026