Rabbit hemorrhagic disease

What is it?

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is a highly contagious and often fatal viral infection that affects domestic and wild rabbits. It progresses very quickly and can lead to the death of the animal within a few hours to a few days. It is a disease feared by breeders because it can decimate an entire herd in a short time.

Commonly observed signs

These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.

Causes and risk factors

This disease is caused by a very resistant calicivirus in the environment, capable of surviving for a long time on contaminated surfaces, foods and objects. There are different strains of the virus that can vary in severity.

Farms where several rabbits live in groups and where hygiene is insufficient present a higher risk of rapid spread. The introduction of new rabbits without precaution, as well as contact with wild rabbits, also increases the risk of contamination.

Transmission

The virus is transmitted mainly by direct contact between infected and healthy rabbits, or indirectly through contaminated objects, food, hands or clothing. Insects such as flies can also play a role in the spread of the virus between farms.

Diagnosis and care

Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.

Prevention

References

WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)

MSD Veterinary Manual

Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 18 August 2026