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Sheep pox
Sheep pox is a highly contagious viral disease affecting sheep and sometimes goats. It causes characteristic skin lesions all over the animal's body. It is a serious disease, notifiable in Tunisia, as it can cause major economic losses in f...
What is it?
Sheep pox is a highly contagious viral disease affecting sheep and sometimes goats. It causes characteristic skin lesions all over the animal's body. It is a serious disease, notifiable in Tunisia, as it can cause major economic losses in flocks.
The disease is caused by a virus of the genus Capripoxvirus, belonging to the Poxviridae family. This virus is highly resistant in the environment, which helps it persist in affected flocks.
Gathering animals at markets or during herding movements increases the risk of contamination. Introducing uncontrolled animals into a flock, as well as poor hygiene and lack of vaccination, also favor disease occurrence.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Signs include fever, general depression and loss of appetite. Red nodules then appear on the skin, especially on the head, udder and areas with little wool, evolving into scabs. Breathing difficulties and nasal or eye discharge may also occur in severe forms.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Transmission
The virus spreads mainly through direct contact between sick and healthy animals, or by inhaling viral particles in the air. It can also spread via contaminated equipment, clothing or vehicles, as well as through certain biting insects.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
If suggestive signs appear, it is essential to contact a veterinarian promptly, as this disease is notifiable in Tunisia. Only a professional can confirm the diagnosis and advise on the steps needed to protect the rest of the flock.
Prevention
Regular flock vaccination is the most effective prevention method recommended by veterinary authorities. It is also essential to quarantine any new animal, limit contact with unknown flocks, and follow basic hygiene measures on the farm.
References
WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 08 August 2026
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