Brucellosis

What is it?

Brucellosis is a bacterial infectious disease that affects cattle, goats, sheep and camels, and which can also be transmitted to humans. It mainly causes abortions and reproductive problems in affected animals. This disease is a significant public health concern in Tunisia due to its possible transmission via unpasteurized dairy products.

Commonly observed signs

These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.

Causes and risk factors

Brucellosis is caused by bacteria of the Brucella genus, notably Brucella abortus in cattle and Brucella melitensis in goats and sheep. These bacteria settle in the reproductive tract and mammary glands of infected animals.

The introduction of new, untested animals into a herd, lack of vaccination and close contact between herds increase the risk of spread. Traditional breeding conditions with mixing of herds also constitute a risk factor in Tunisia.

Transmission

The disease is transmitted primarily through contact with abortion products, placenta, or vaginal discharge from infected animals. It can also be spread by ingesting contaminated, unpasteurized milk. Transmission to humans often occurs through direct contact with infected tissues or through consumption of raw dairy products.

Diagnosis and care

Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.

Prevention

References

WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)

OMS — Organisation mondiale de la santé

Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 18 August 2026