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Strangles
Strangles is a highly contagious infectious disease that mainly affects young horses. It involves the upper respiratory tract and the lymph nodes of the head and neck. Although rarely fatal, it spreads very quickly within a stable.
What is it?
Strangles is a highly contagious infectious disease that mainly affects young horses. It involves the upper respiratory tract and the lymph nodes of the head and neck. Although rarely fatal, it spreads very quickly within a stable.
Strangles is caused by a bacterium called Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. This bacterium specifically infects horses and settles in the upper respiratory tract and associated lymph nodes.
Young horses, stressed animals, or those newly introduced to a group are more vulnerable. Gathering many horses together, such as at competitions, boarding facilities, or training centers, favors the spread. A weakened immune system and poor facility hygiene also increase the risk.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Typical signs include fever, thick nasal discharge, coughing, and painful swelling of the lymph nodes under the jaw that may form abscesses. The horse may have difficulty swallowing and breathing, which gives the disease its name. Loss of appetite and general lethargy are also common.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Transmission
The disease spreads through direct contact between horses, particularly via nasal secretions and abscess pus. It can also spread indirectly through contaminated equipment such as feed bins, buckets, tack, or handlers' hands. Some recovered horses remain carriers and can infect other animals without showing signs.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
If strangles is suspected, it is important to consult a veterinarian promptly and isolate the affected horse to prevent contagion. Only a professional can confirm the diagnosis and provide appropriate care. Never attempt to treat the horse yourself.
Prevention
Isolating new horses before integrating them into the group and maintaining good equipment hygiene are essential. Vaccination may be recommended by the veterinarian depending on the context and risk level. Regular health monitoring of horses allows early detection and limits spread.
References
WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 08 August 2026
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