Home › Animalia › Animal health › Animal diseases › Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease is a very common condition in dogs and cats, affecting the tissues that support the teeth such as the gums and bone. It starts with gum inflammation (gingivitis) which, if not addressed, can progress to gradual destructi...
What is it?
Periodontal disease is a very common condition in dogs and cats, affecting the tissues that support the teeth such as the gums and bone. It starts with gum inflammation (gingivitis) which, if not addressed, can progress to gradual destruction of the tooth-supporting structures. It is one of the leading causes of tooth loss in older animals.
The main cause is the buildup of dental plaque, a bacterial film that forms on teeth and mineralizes into tartar. This buildup triggers an inflammatory reaction in the gums and then a gradual affection of the tooth's supporting tissues. Poor oral hygiene strongly promotes this process.
Advanced age, lack of regular dental care, and certain small breeds are known risk factors. A diet consisting only of soft food, dental misalignment, or systemic diseases weakening immunity can also promote its onset.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Common signs include persistent bad breath, red and swollen gums, or gums that bleed easily. The animal may also show visible tartar buildup, difficulty chewing, reduced appetite, or loose teeth. In advanced cases, pus may appear around the gums.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Transmission
Periodontal disease is not contagious and cannot be transmitted between animals. It results from a local process linked to plaque and tartar buildup on each individual's teeth. It is also not transmissible to humans.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
If you notice bad breath, red gums, or eating difficulties in your pet, it is important to consult a veterinarian for a complete dental checkup. Only a professional can assess the condition of the teeth and suggest an appropriate approach.
Prevention
Regular tooth brushing suited for animals, combined with routine dental checkups by a veterinarian, is the best prevention. Foods or toys specifically designed for dental hygiene can also help limit plaque buildup.
References
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 08 August 2026
AT A GLANCE
Need a veterinarian?
Find a practitioner near you on TunisieVet, with their specialities, hours and contact details.
Find a veterinarianThis information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for a veterinary consultation. If you have any concerns about your animal's health, consult a veterinarian.
To discover
Related diseases and linked Animalia content.
Canine parvovirus
Viral · Vaccine available
Canine distemper
Viral · Vaccine available
Kennel cough
Viral · Vaccine available
Canine leishmaniasis
Parasitic