Gastrointestinal roundworm parasitism in doves
Gastrointestinal parasitism caused by roundworms is a very common disease in doves, whether wild, semi-captive, or in breeding situations. Parasitic worms called nematodes (Ascaridia, Capillaria, Heterakis in particular) settle in the bird...
What is it?
Gastrointestinal parasitism caused by roundworms is a very common disease in doves, whether wild, semi-captive, or in breeding situations.
Parasitic worms called nematodes (Ascaridia, Capillaria, Heterakis in particular) settle in the bird's intestines. They feed at the bird's expense and can gradually weaken it.
This infestation especially affects young doves and birds living in dense groups, where the ground or feeders are easily contaminated by droppings.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Related signs — each one links to its page:
Many infested doves show no visible signs, especially if the worm burden remains low.
When the infestation becomes heavy, progressive weight loss may be seen despite sometimes normal appetite, dull and ruffled feathers, diarrhea or soft droppings, reduced activity, and general lethargy.
In young birds, stunted growth is possible. In severe cases, the crop or intestines may appear distended, and vomiting or regurgitation sometimes occurs.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Causes and risk factors
The disease is caused by intestinal nematodes, particularly the genera Ascaridia (common roundworms), Capillaria (thin worms), and sometimes Heterakis.
Birds become infected by swallowing parasite eggs present on the ground, in water, or in food contaminated by droppings carrying the parasites. Some worms have a direct cycle (the egg becomes infectious on its own), while others pass through an intermediate host such as an earthworm.
Young doves are more vulnerable because their immune system is still developing. Living in crowded conditions (aviary, shared pigeon loft, communal feeding area) increases the risk of infection. A damp environment, soiled ground that is not cleaned regularly, and associated stress (other illness, malnutrition) also promote the development and worsening of parasitism.
Transmission
Transmission occurs through the digestive tract by ingesting eggs or larvae present in the environment contaminated by droppings from infested birds. Close contact, overcrowded aviaries, and poor hygiene promote spread between individuals.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
The veterinarian typically performs a fecal analysis (faecal examination) under the microscope to look for parasite eggs. In some cases, if the bird is very weakened or has died, more detailed examination of the intestines may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and precisely identify the type of worms involved.
Treatment
Treatment is based on giving an antiparasitic medication suitable for birds, prescribed and dosed by the veterinarian according to the species and weight of the bird. Nutritional support and sometimes fluid therapy may be given to weakened birds. Complete cleaning of the environment always accompanies treatment to prevent immediate reinfection.
Treatment depends on the cause and the animal's condition: it must be determined by a veterinarian. No self-medication.
Prevention
Regular cleaning of aviaries, food dishes, and waterers greatly reduces the risk of infestation. Avoiding overcrowding and regularly changing the bedding also help reduce contamination. Regular veterinary checks with fecal analysis allow early detection of infestation before symptoms appear, especially in birds raised in groups.
Possible complications
A severe untreated infestation can lead to anaemia, severe weight loss, intestinal blockage in rare cases, and greater vulnerability to other infections due to the bird's overall weakening. In young birds or those already in poor condition, the outcome can be fatal without treatment.
When to see a veterinarian
The bird is visibly losing weight despite normal or increased appetite. Droppings become abnormally soft or change appearance persistently. The bird appears listless, less active, or stays huddled. A young bird shows obvious growth delay compared to its companions. Several birds in the same group show similar signs at the same time.
Prognosis
The prognosis is usually good when the infestation is detected and treated promptly, especially in a bird that is otherwise in good health.
It becomes more guarded in young birds with heavy parasitic loads, birds already weakened by another disease, or when treatment is delayed.
Frequently asked questions
Can a dove have worms without showing any symptoms?
Yes, it's actually quite common. A light infestation often goes unnoticed, especially in a healthy adult. Only a stool analysis can detect it.
Can parasitic worms from doves be transmitted to humans or other domestic animals?
The nematodes involved here are specific to birds and are not considered transmissible to humans. However, the risk to other birds in the same environment is considerably greater.
How often should a captive or aviary dove be checked?
Droppings testing one to two times per year is often recommended for birds kept in groups, but the veterinarian adjusts this frequency based on husbandry conditions and the birds' medical history.
Is cleaning alone enough to eliminate the problem?
No. Cleaning reduces the risk of recontamination but does not eliminate worms already established in the bird: antiparasitic treatment prescribed by a veterinarian remains necessary.
References
ESCCAP — European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites
AVMA — American Veterinary Medical Association
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 20 August 2026
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