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Peste des petits ruminants
Peste des petits ruminants is a serious viral disease that mainly affects sheep and goats. It spreads very quickly within herds and can cause high mortality. This disease is closely monitored in Tunisia and worldwide as it represents a majo...
What is it?
Peste des petits ruminants is a serious viral disease that mainly affects sheep and goats. It spreads very quickly within herds and can cause high mortality. This disease is closely monitored in Tunisia and worldwide as it represents a major threat to livestock farming.
This disease is caused by a virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, closely related to the rinderpest virus. This virus particularly attacks the respiratory and digestive system of small ruminants. It is highly contagious among susceptible animals.
Gathering animals from different origins, such as in markets or during transport, increases the risk of spread. Young animals and unvaccinated ones are particularly vulnerable. Poor overall health status of the herd also favors the onset of the disease.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Affected animals usually show fever, eye and nasal discharge, as well as lesions in the mouth. Severe diarrhea, coughing and breathing difficulties are often observed. The general condition deteriorates quickly, especially in young animals.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Transmission
Transmission mainly occurs through direct contact between infected and healthy animals, particularly via respiratory secretions and feces. Air can also play a role over short distances during close contact. Contaminated equipment, clothing or vehicles can also spread the virus.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
If you suspect this disease in your animals, it is essential to contact a veterinarian quickly for professional advice. Isolating suspect animals can help limit the spread while waiting for veterinary intervention. Only a veterinarian is qualified to assess the situation and guide appropriate care.
Prevention
Regular vaccination of herds remains the most effective prevention method against this disease. It is important to limit contact with animals of unknown origin and to follow quarantine measures when introducing new animals. Good hygiene in livestock facilities also helps reduce risks.
References
WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 08 August 2026
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