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Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the animal's body can no longer properly regulate blood sugar levels, often due to insufficient insulin or poor response to it. It frequently affects middle-aged to older dogs and cats. This d...

What is it?

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the animal's body can no longer properly regulate blood sugar levels, often due to insufficient insulin or poor response to it. It frequently affects middle-aged to older dogs and cats. This disease requires regular veterinary follow-up throughout the animal's life.

Diabetes occurs when the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or when the body's cells respond poorly to it. In dogs, it often involves destruction of insulin-producing cells, while in cats it is linked to insulin resistance, often associated with obesity. Genetic and hormonal factors may also play a role.

Obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and an unbalanced diet increase the risk of developing diabetes, especially in cats. Advanced age, certain predisposed breeds, and concurrent hormonal diseases are also important factors. Unspayed females may also show an increased risk in dogs.

Commonly observed signs

These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.

The most common signs include excessive thirst, increased urination, weight loss despite a good appetite, and general fatigue. Some animals may also show cloudy vision or repeated urinary infections. These symptoms develop gradually and deserve prompt attention.

When to consult without delay

This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.

Transmission

Diabetes mellitus is not a contagious disease and does not spread from one animal to another or to humans. It results from internal factors specific to each animal, such as metabolism or genetics. No contact or proximity with an affected animal poses a risk.

Diagnosis and care

Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.

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If you notice signs suggesting diabetes in your pet, it is essential to consult a veterinarian promptly for a full evaluation. Appropriate and regular medical follow-up is essential for managing this chronic disease. Never attempt to adjust the diet or give any treatment without professional advice.

Prevention

Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity helps reduce the risk of diabetes. Regular veterinary visits allow early detection of metabolic abnormalities. Spaying or neutering may also be discussed with the veterinarian depending on the case.

References

MSD Veterinary Manual

Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 08 August 2026

AT A GLANCE

AgentOther
SpeciesCat, Dog
VaccineNo
Transmissible to humansNo

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Affected species

This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for a veterinary consultation. If you have any concerns about your animal's health, consult a veterinarian.

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