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environmental disease Horse, Donkey

Laminitis

Laminitis is a painful inflammation of the internal tissues of the hoof (the laminae) that connect the pedal bone to the hoof wall in horses and donkeys. It can affect one or more feet, but most commonly involves both front limbs. This cond...

What is it?

Laminitis is a painful inflammation of the internal tissues of the hoof (the laminae) that connect the pedal bone to the hoof wall in horses and donkeys. It can affect one or more feet, but most commonly involves both front limbs. This condition is considered a veterinary emergency as it can progress rapidly and severely compromise the animal's mobility.

Laminitis often results from carbohydrate overload due to a diet too rich in grains or excessive access to lush pasture. Other causes include metabolic disorders such as equine metabolic syndrome or Cushing's disease, severe infections, or excessive mechanical stress on a hoof following prolonged weight-bearing on one limb.

Overweight horses and donkeys, those suffering from hormonal disorders such as equine metabolic syndrome, and animals with uncontrolled access to rich pastures are at higher risk. Pony breeds and certain donkeys are also considered more susceptible to this condition.

Commonly observed signs

These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.

The animal shows a stiff and hesitant gait, often described as walking on eggshells, with weight shifted backward onto the heels. Increased warmth of the hooves, stronger digital pulses, and reluctance to move or stand up are observed. In severe cases, the animal remains lying down for prolonged periods and refuses any movement.

When to consult without delay

This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.

Transmission

Laminitis is not a contagious disease and does not transmit from one animal to another. It develops individually based on dietary, metabolic, or mechanical factors specific to each animal.

Diagnosis and care

Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.

1

If you notice signs of abnormal gait, warmth in the hooves, or reluctance to move in your horse or donkey, it is essential to contact a veterinarian promptly. This is an emergency requiring rapid professional care to limit complications.

Prevention

Appropriate dietary management, with controlled grain intake and limited access to lush pastures during periods of rapid grass growth, helps reduce the risk. Maintaining a healthy body weight and regular veterinary monitoring to detect potential metabolic disorders are also essential.

References

MSD Veterinary Manual

Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 08 August 2026

AT A GLANCE

AgentEnvironment
SpeciesHorse, Donkey
VaccineNo
Transmissible to humansNo

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Affected species

This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for a veterinary consultation. If you have any concerns about your animal's health, consult a veterinarian.

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