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Fowlpox
Fowlpox is a contagious viral disease affecting chickens, turkeys, and canaries. It appears in two main forms, a cutaneous form with visible skin lesions and a diphtheritic form affecting the respiratory tract. It generally spreads slowly w...
What is it?
Fowlpox is a contagious viral disease affecting chickens, turkeys, and canaries. It appears in two main forms, a cutaneous form with visible skin lesions and a diphtheritic form affecting the respiratory tract. It generally spreads slowly within a flock and can cause significant economic losses.
The disease is caused by a virus of the genus Avipoxvirus belonging to the Poxviridae family. This virus is resistant in the environment, particularly in dried scabs. Several strains exist depending on the bird species affected.
Free-range flocks are more exposed due to contact with vector insects. High bird density and poor hygiene favor the spread of the disease. Lack of vaccination is also a major risk factor.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Pimples and scabs appear on the comb, wattles, and around the eyes in the cutaneous form. In the diphtheritic form, yellowish membranes develop in the mouth and throat, causing breathing difficulties and reduced appetite. Decreased egg production and slowed growth are also common.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Transmission
Transmission occurs mainly through direct contact with infected lesions or contaminated surfaces such as feeders and waterers. Mosquitoes and other biting insects play an important role in spreading the virus. The virus can also persist for a long time in the farm environment.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
If fowlpox is suspected, it is important to contact a veterinarian promptly for professional advice. Isolating sick birds can help limit spread while waiting for veterinary intervention. Only a professional can assess the situation and recommend appropriate management.
Prevention
Vaccinating poultry is the most effective and commonly used preventive measure. It is also recommended to control biting insects and maintain good hygiene in facilities. Isolating new birds before introducing them into the flock helps limit risks.
References
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 08 August 2026
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