Fowlpox

What is it?

Fowlpox is a contagious viral disease that affects chickens, turkeys and canaries. It manifests itself in two main forms, a cutaneous form with visible lesions and a diphtheria form affecting the respiratory tract. It generally progresses slowly within a livestock farm and can cause significant economic losses.

Commonly observed signs

These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.

Causes and risk factors

The disease is caused by a virus of the genus Avipoxvirus belonging to the Poxviridae family. This virus is resistant in the environment, especially in dry crusts. Several strains exist depending on the species of birds affected.

Outdoor farms are more exposed due to contact with insect vectors. A high density of birds and a lack of hygiene favor the spread of the disease. Lack of vaccination is also a major risk factor.

Transmission

Transmission occurs mainly through direct contact with infected lesions or through contaminated surfaces such as feeders and drinkers. Mosquitoes and other biting insects play an important role in the spread of the virus. The virus can also persist for a long time in the farm environment.

Diagnosis and care

Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.

Prevention

References

MSD Veterinary Manual

Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 18 August 2026