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Bovine tuberculosis
Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by a bacterium that mainly affects cattle but can also infect humans and other animals. It progresses slowly, often without visible signs for a long time, making it hard to detect....
What is it?
Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by a bacterium that mainly affects cattle but can also infect humans and other animals. It progresses slowly, often without visible signs for a long time, making it hard to detect. It is closely monitored in Tunisia because it poses a risk to both public health and livestock farming.
The disease is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium bovis, which belongs to the same family as the one responsible for human tuberculosis. This bacterium mainly settles in the lungs and lymph nodes of infected animals.
Farms with high animal density, frequent contact with wildlife, or insufficient hygiene conditions present an increased risk. Introducing untested animals into a herd and the lack of regular testing also favor the spread of the disease.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Infected animals may show progressive weight loss, chronic coughing and general weakness, though often no symptoms appear in early stages. In advanced cases, swollen lymph nodes and breathing difficulties may be observed. Many animals remain carriers without visible clinical signs for months or even years.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Transmission
Transmission mainly occurs through the respiratory route, when animals inhale contaminated droplets from an infected animal. It can also spread through ingestion of contaminated raw milk, particularly from cows to calves. Humans can be infected by consuming unpasteurized milk or dairy products from infected animals.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
Faced with any suggestive sign or during official screening campaigns, it is essential to quickly contact a veterinarian or official veterinary services. Only a professional can assess the situation and guide toward appropriate steps. Never attempt to self-diagnose or treat an animal yourself.
Prevention
Prevention relies on regular veterinary controls, isolating suspect animals and good sanitary management of farms. Pasteurizing milk before consumption effectively protects against transmission to humans. Consulting a veterinarian for any herd screening or health monitoring is essential.
References
WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)
OMS — Organisation mondiale de la santé
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 08 August 2026
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This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for a veterinary consultation. If you have any concerns about your animal's health, consult a veterinarian.
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