Feline immunodeficiency virus
Feline immunodeficiency virus is a chronic viral disease that gradually weakens the cat's immune system. It makes the animal more vulnerable to infections and certain diseases. The progression is often slow, with symptom-free phases that ca...
What is it?
Feline immunodeficiency virus is a chronic viral disease that gradually weakens the cat's immune system. It makes the animal more vulnerable to infections and certain diseases. The progression is often slow, with symptom-free phases that can last for years.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Related signs — each one links to its page:
Signs include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite and weight loss. Recurrent infections of the mouth (gingivitis, stomatitis), eyes or skin are often observed. Swollen lymph nodes and poor wound healing may also occur.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Causes and risk factors
The disease is caused by the Feline immunodeficiency virus virus, a lentivirus close to human HIV but specific to cats. This virus attacks the cells of the immune system, reducing the body's natural defenses.
Unsterilized male cats that live outdoors and frequently fight are most at risk. Cohabitation with an infected cat or free access to the outdoors also increases the risk.
Transmission
FIV is mainly transmitted through deep bites during fights between cats, the virus being present in saliva. Transmission from mother to kittens is possible but rare, as is transmission through sexual contact.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
In case of suspicion, only a veterinarian can confirm the diagnosis with appropriate tests and offer appropriate follow-up. A cat with FIV can live a long time with regular medical monitoring and a calm environment. Always consult a veterinarian with any questions about your cat's health.
Prevention
Sterilization reduces fights and therefore the risk of transmission. Keeping your cat indoors and avoiding contact with stray or infected cats also limits exposure. Screening before adopting a new cat is recommended.
References
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 18 August 2026
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