Eagle roundworms (gastrointestinal helminthosis)
Eagle roundworms are intestinal parasites (nematodes) that live in the digestive tract of the Australian eagle. They belong to the large family of roundworms, common among birds of prey (raptors) raised in captivity or in care centers. This...
What is it?
Eagle roundworms are intestinal parasites (nematodes) that live in the digestive tract of the Australian eagle. They belong to the large family of roundworms, common among birds of prey (raptors) raised in captivity or in care centers. This gastrointestinal helminthosis often remains discreet, but can weaken the bird, especially if it is young, stressed or already weakened.\n\nIt is frequently encountered in captive raptors, particularly in rehabilitation centers, falconries or animal parks, where promiscuity and repeated contact with the ground or prey favor contamination.
Commonly observed signs
These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
Related signs — each one links to its page:
Most light infestations cause no visible signs. In a more heavily infested bird, we may observe progressive weight loss despite a normal or diminished appetite, dull and less well-groomed plumage, a drop in energy and alertness when flying or hunting, and sometimes soft or abnormal stools.\n\nIn young eagles, the infestation can slow down growth and muscle development. In severe cases, worms may be visible in the droppings or regurgitated. A heavily parasitized bird often appears downcast, with ruffled feathers and a general lack of enthusiasm.
When to consult without delay
This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.
Causes and risk factors
The disease is caused by nematodes (roundworms) which take up residence in the eagle's stomach or intestine. The eggs or larvae of these parasites are emitted in the droppings of an infested bird, contaminating the environment, the floor of aviaries or the prey consumed.\n\nThe eagle becomes contaminated by ingesting eggs present on the ground, in contaminated water, or by eating prey (rodents, birds) themselves carrying infesting larvae. This indirect mode of transmission via an intermediate prey is common among raptors.
Young, weakened birds, recently taken into care centers or living in poorly maintained aviaries are most at risk. A high density of birds on the same site, ground not cleaned regularly, or a diet based on uncontrolled wild prey increase the risk of infestation. The stress linked to captivity can also reduce the bird's natural defenses against parasites.
Transmission
Transmission occurs by ingestion of eggs or larvae present in the contaminated environment (ground, perches, water points) or by consumption of prey carrying infective larval forms. There is no direct transmission between birds without passing through the external environment or prey.
Diagnosis and care
Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.
The veterinarian specializing in exotic animals or raptors establishes the diagnosis mainly by a parasitological examination of the droppings (search for eggs under a microscope). A complete clinical examination makes it possible to assess the general condition of the bird, its weight and its plumage.\n\nIn certain cases, an endoscopy or additional examinations may be offered if symptoms persist despite treatment, in order to rule out other causes of weight loss.
Treatment
Treatment is based on the administration of antiparasitics suitable for birds, prescribed and dosed only by the veterinarian according to the weight and condition of the bird. Nutritional support may be associated if the bird is weakened. Complete cleaning of the bird's environment should accompany treatment to avoid immediate reinfestation.
Treatment depends on the cause and the animal's condition: it must be determined by a veterinarian. No self-medication.
Prevention
Regular cleaning of aviaries, perches and floor areas limits the accumulation of parasite eggs in the environment. It is recommended to quickly remove droppings and disinfect surfaces.\n\nThe origin of the prey given to the bird must be controlled: favoring farmed rather than wild prey reduces the risk of transmission of infective larvae. Regular parasitological checks (examination of droppings) make it possible to detect an infestation before the appearance of symptoms, particularly in centers welcoming several birds.
Possible complications
If left untreated, a heavy infestation can lead to progressive malnutrition, general weakening and greater vulnerability to other diseases. In young birds, lasting growth retardation is possible. In extreme cases, intestinal obstruction by a cluster of worms may occur, although this is rare.
When to see a veterinarian
The bird loses weight even though its diet seems normal.
The plumage becomes dull, bristly or unkempt.
Worms are visible in droppings or in regurgitation.
The bird shows a drop in energy, liveliness or refuses to fly.
A young eagle shows visible growth retardation.
Prognosis
The prognosis is generally good when the infestation is detected and treated early. Appropriate antiparasitic treatment combined with environmental sanitation allows for complete recovery in the majority of cases. The prognosis becomes more guarded if the bird is already very weakened or carrying other diseases at the time of diagnosis.
Frequently asked questions
Can a captive eagle live with these worms without getting sick?
Yes, a low parasite load may not cause any visible signs. This is why regular dropping checks are useful, even in a bird that appears healthy.
Can these worms be transmitted to humans or other animals?
These nematodes are specific to birds and are not considered transmissible to humans. The risk to other animal species depends on the exact type of parasite, to be confirmed by the veterinarian.
How do I know if my eagle is infested without taking it to the vet?
There is no reliable sign to observe yourself: only an analysis of the droppings by a laboratory can confirm an infestation. Weight loss or dull plumage should always lead to a consultation.
Should we treat all the birds in the same aviary if only one is infested?
The veterinarian assesses on a case-by-case basis, but in a shared environment, screening of all birds and overall cleaning is often recommended to limit the spread.
References
WOAH — Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (ex-OIE)
ESCCAP — European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites
Content reviewed by the TunisieVet editorial team · Updated 05 September 2026
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