bacterial disease Dog, Cow Vaccine available Transmissible to humans

Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the Leptospira genus, which affects many animals including dogs, cows and pigs. It is a zoonosis, which means it can be transmitted to humans. It mainly affects the kidneys and li...

Find a veterinarian All dog diseases

Definition Signs Causes Transmission Diagnosis Prevention Sources Affected species

What is it?

Commonly observed signs

These signs are neither exhaustive nor specific. Only a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.

Related signs — each one links to its page:

Fever Vomiting Drinks a lot Urine a lot

Signs may include fever, general fatigue, loss of appetite, vomiting and increased thirst. In some animals, a yellowish discoloration of the mucous membranes (jaundice) or urinary problems is observed. In pregnant females, abortions can occur. Symptoms vary depending on the species and severity of the infection.

When to consult without delay

This list does not replace veterinary advice. It gathers situations that justify a prompt consultation.

Causes and risk factors

The disease is caused by spiral bacteria called leptospires, which exist in several strains. These bacteria survive well in damp environments such as standing water, mud or soggy soil. They enter the body through mucous membranes or damaged skin.

Animals living near stagnant water, wet areas or in the presence of rodents are more exposed. Frequent contact with livestock or stray animals also increases the risk. Insufficient hygienic conditions on farms also favor the spread of the disease.

Transmission

Transmission occurs mainly through contact with the urine of infected animals, directly or via contaminated water or soil. Rodents are important carriers of the bacteria. Contamination can also occur during birth or through contact with infected tissues, and humans can be contaminated in the same way.

Diagnosis and care

Diagnosis is the veterinarian's responsibility, based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. Care is decided case by case.

If Leptospirosis is suspected in an animal, it is important to consult a veterinarian quickly, as this disease can also pose a risk to humans. Only a professional can assess the situation and offer appropriate support. You should never attempt to treat the animal yourself.

Prevention

Vaccinating dogs and livestock against certain strains of leptospires can help reduce risks, as recommended by a veterinarian. It is also advisable to limit animal access to stagnant water and to control the presence of rodents on farms. Good general hygiene and management of animal waste also help to limit the spread.